|
Hawaii has rapidly adopted solar power due to the high costs of electricity and has one of the highest per capita rates of solar power in the United States. Hawaii's imported energy costs are three times higher, and will soon be close to four times higher〔(PUC issues interim decision in Hawaiian Electric rate case )〕 than the mainland, so Hawaii has motivation to become one of the highest users of solar energy. Hawaii was the first state in the United States to reach grid parity for photovoltaics. Its tropical location provides abundant sun energy. Hawaii has a renewable portfolio standard of 40% renewable energy by 2030 and 100% by 2045.〔(New law requires 100-percent renewable energy in Hawaii by 2045 ), KHON2, Brigette Namata, June 8, 2015〕 Hawaii had almost 200 MW of grid-connected photovoltaics in 2012. 16 MW of PV were installed in 2010, 40 MW in 2011, and 109 MW in 2012.〔(U.S. Solar Market Insight Report )〕〔()〕 The largest solar project in Hawaii, the 12MW Anahola project, opened on November 2, 2015 on Kauai. It has 59,000 panels on 60 acres of land and is expected to supply up to 20% of the island's momentary electricity demand and up to 5% of the annual demand.〔(Anahola Solar Array set to generate 20% of Kauai's electricity ), Hawaii News Now, Nov 8, 2014〕 The Anahola project also incorporates a 6MW lithium-ion batttery.〔(REC Solar and KIUC connect Hawaii's largest solar project )〕〔(Hawaii Solar ), SEIA〕 The electrical grids of the Hawaiian islands are each separate and relatively small. Issues of overbuilding distributed solar in some areas has led to issues and HECO has made connecting to the grid more difficult, leading to layoffs among the solar installation industry.〔(HECO rule pulled the plug on PV jobs ), Hawaii News Now, Jim Mendoz, Sep 22, 2014〕 In 2014, there were over 40,000 rooftop systems, over 10 percent of customers.〔(A Solar Permit Slowdown Is Chilling Oahu’s Installer Market ), greentechmedia, Eric Wesoff, June 12, 2014〕 A proposed grid interconnection between Oahu and Maui would allow more renewable energy.〔(Linking isles' energy grids will save money, state says ), ''Honolulu Star-Advertiser'', Alan Yonan Jr., Jan 22, 2014〕 Kauai has rapidly adopted solar. In 2009, oil provided 91% of the island's electricity. In 2015, solar provided 15% with other renewables providing another 22% with oil only providing 63%.〔(Inside the first fully dispatchable utility solar-storage project in Hawaii ), UtilityDive, Peter Maloney, October 29, 2015〕 On August 31, 2014, during daytime hours, 57% of power on Kauai was from renewable sources.〔(KIUC flipped the switch on its Koloa solar project on Thursday ), ''Pacific Business News'', Duane Shimogawa, Sep 25, 2014〕 In 2012 a typical solar system in Hawaii paid for itself in only 4 years, and returned a profit of over 4 times the cost over its life.〔(Hawaii State Solar Power Rebates, Tax Credits, and Incentives )〕 Hawaii's 35% ($5000.00 Maximum) state tax credit is the second highest in the country, behind Louisiana.〔(Isles power up in solar rankings )〕 Hawaii offers a feed-in tariff, but it does not meet the normal definition of a feed-in tariff, as it is less than the retail cost of electricity, and is therefore simply a Power Purchase Agreement. The Oahu Wind Integration Study〔(Oahu Wind Integration Study )〕 released a report detailing the impact on the Oahu grid and found that 500 MW of wind and 100 MW of solar power could provide Oahu up to 25% of its electricity while eliminating the need to burn approximately 2.8 million barrels of low sulfur fuel oil and 132,000 tons of coal each year.〔(Hawaii Study: Wind and Solar Can Reliably Supply 25% of Oahu Electricity Needs )〕 ==Solar power energy statistics== In 2010 Hawaii generated 56 GWh of energy by photovoltaics. The distribution of energy produced per island is as follows in the table below: This, however, is 0.07% of the state's total electricity generation for 2007, 0.13% for 2008, 0.33% for 2009, and 0.51% for 2010.〔(2009 )〕〔(2010 )〕 In 2011, solar provided 1% of Hawaii's electricity.〔(Hawaii Energy Facts & Figures January 2013 ), State of Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism Hawaii State Energy Office, January 2013, accessed October 11, 2013〕 ImageSize = width:420 height:240 PlotArea = width:350 height:150 left:40 bottom:40 AlignBars = late DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:100 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical ScaleMajor = unit:month increment:10 start:0 TextData = pos:(15,220) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:hundredths of one percent pos:(205,25) textcolor:black fontsize:S text:Year pos:(90,230) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:Hawaii percentage electricity from solar Colors = id:yellow value:yellow PlotData= width:80 textcolor:black bar:2007 color:yellow from:0 till:7 bar:2008 color:yellow from:0 till:13 bar:2009 color:yellow from:0 till:33 bar:2010 color:yellow from:0 till:51 bar:2011 color:yellow from:0 till:100 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Solar power in Hawaii」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|